Allyson Jennings

Allyson Jenningshttps://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/about/contributors/allyson-jenningsAllyson Jenningshttps://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/africa/mozambique/travel-alertsLatest information on the impact of Cyclone Idai - March 2019.2019-03-21T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/africa/mozambique/travel-alertshttps://www.worldnomads.comtestGettyImages/derejeb 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/chikungunyaWhat is chikungunya? What are the symptoms and how can it be treated? What you need to know before you travel.2019-03-05T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/chikungunyahttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#spread">How it Spreads</a></li> <li><a href="#regions">Regions Affected</a></li> <li><a href="#vaccination">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="#duration">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">Symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="#treat">Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#prevent">Prevention</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="spread">How it Spreads</h2> <p>Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne viral disease that was first discovered during an outbreak in southern Tanzania in 1952. Related to Ross River Fever, it's spread by the two mosquitos which also spread dengue fever. The name "chikungunya" derives from a root verb in the Kimakonde language, meaning "to become contorted" and describes the stooped appearance of those suffering from the disease.</p> <h2 id="regions">Regions Affected</h2> <ul> <li>Caribbean</li> <li>Central America</li> <li>India</li> <li>South America</li> <li>Southeast Asia</li> <li>Sub-Saharan Africa</li> </ul> <h2 id="vaccination">Vaccination</h2> <p>Currently, there is no vaccination available for chikungunya.</p> <h2 id="duration">Duration</h2> <p>The International Association of Medical Assistance for Travelers reports that symptoms tend to incubate over three to 12 days after being bitten.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">Symptoms</h2> <p>Those infected with the virus may experience the following: joint pain, fever, skin rashes, headache <g class="gr_ gr_69 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-ins replaceWithoutSep" id="69" data-gr-id="69">and</g> fatigue. The joint pain may persist for weeks to months after. Those with chronic health conditions or compromised immune systems may experience further complications. Seek medical treatment immediately if you feel ill, as chikungunya shares symptoms with other mosquito-borne diseases.</p> <h2 id="treat">Treatment</h2> <p>Treatment for chikungunya is based on symptoms present plus hydration, rest and pain relief. Most patients recover after a few weeks. Chikungunya is rarely fatal and once you have been infected with the disease, you become immune to future infections. Do not take pain killers such as aspirin or ibuprofen as these medications thin the blood and increase the risk of bleeding.</p> <h2 id="prevent">Prevention</h2> <ul> <li>Cover up with long-sleeved clothing, preferably light-colored</li> <li>Treat your clothes and gear with permethrin. It lasts about two weeks, even after a couple of wash cycles</li> <li>Use a strong DEET based insect repellent (30-35%)</li> <li>Reapply DEET before you go out in the evening</li> <li>Keep windows closed and use air-conditioning (if available) at your accommodation</li> <li>Sleep with the fan on (if available). Mosquitoes aren’t strong enough to fight the current of most fans</li> <li>If there is no AC or fan, sleep under a mosquito net treated with permethrin and tuck the ends under your mattress. Don't forget to check for holes in the net.</li> </ul>GettyImages/Westend61 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/africa/gabon/travel-alertLatest information on the military coup - January 20192019-01-07T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/africa/gabon/travel-alerthttps://www.worldnomads.com<h2>Military Coup Attempt - January 2019</h2> <p>Authorities have thwarted an attempted military coup on January 7th to seize control of the country. Several military officers have been arrested after media broadcasting offices and a major road in Libreville was taken over. These have since been reclaimed by government authorities. Tear gas was dispersed amongst civilians who had flocked to the local radio station in support of the coup attempt and gunshots have also been heard.<br /><br />Travelers should exercise a high degree of caution while traveling in Gabon and be aware of their surroundings as tensions could flare up at any time.</p> <p>Being caught up in civil unrest can be a frightening experience for any traveler. But there are things you can do to stay safe. <a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/safety-advice-civil-unrest">Check out our article</a> which has advice on what to do pre-trip, during travel and post civil unrest.</p> <p>If you are traveling in Gabon, check with authorities for more information, follow any official warnings, travel advisories and listen to local news reports to monitor the situation. Failure to comply with directives from government authorities will result in you not being covered by travel insurance.</p>GettyImages/Luc Deroche 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/oceania/new-caledonia/travel-alertTropical Cyclone Uesi brings heavy rain to New Caledonia before tracking towards Australia's East Coast.2020-02-11T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/oceania/new-caledonia/travel-alerthttps://www.worldnomads.com<h2>Tropical Cyclone Uesi – February 2020</h2> <p>Tropical Cyclone Uesi is tracking over New Caledonia, and it's forecast to move southeast towards Australia. The <a href="https://www.rnz.co.nz/international/pacific-news/409204/new-caledonia-braces-for-cyclone" target="_blank" title="New Caledonia braces for cyclone">Fiji Meteorological Service</a> said damaging gale force winds were expected to hit the western half of the island, and heavy rainfall is forecast for the rest of New Caledonia.</p> <p>If you are currently in New Caledonia, follow local news and keep up to date with the weather.</p> <h2>Previous travel alerts</h2> <div class="AccordionSection nst-component nst-is-collapsed"><button class="AccordionSection-title nst-toggle">Dengue Fever epidemic in New Caledonia - January 2019</button> <div class="nst-content"> <div class="AccordionSection-inner"> <h2>Dengue Fever epidemic in New Caledonia - January 2019</h2> <p>New Caledonian health authorities have declared a dengue fever epidemic, affecting the entire Pacific island nation. The majority of cases are located in the metropolitan area and surrounds of the capital, Noumea.</p> <p>It's vital that travelers take all necessary precautions to protect themselves from mosquito borne diseases aside from dengue fever and make sure you have <a href="/travel-insurance/">comprehensive travel insurance</a>.</p> <p>Dengue fever, if left untreated can evolve into dengue hemorrhagic fever which can be fatal. It's important that as soon as you feel unwell to seek medical assistance to make sure you get treated as early as possible and for the right condition as some mosquito borne diseases can have similar symptoms.</p> <p>Other diseases such as zika and chikungunya have also been present in New Caledonia, particuarly during the warmer and wetter months of the year (December - February).</p> <p>For more information on dengue and how to prevent mosquito bites, read these travel safety articles:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/what-you-need-to-know-about-dengue-fever">What You Need to Know About Dengue Fever</a></li> <li><a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/mosquitoes-and-bite-prevention">How to Avoid Mosquito Bites While Traveling</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>Getty Images/Zarnell 1 Getty Images

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/oceania/new-caledonia/health-natural-hazardsNew Caledonia is a popular destination in the Pacific Islands, but paradise also comes with a few health and safety challenges for travelers.2019-01-03T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/oceania/new-caledonia/health-natural-hazardshttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#vaccination">Vaccinations for New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="#medical">Medical treatment in New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="#mosquito">Mosquito-borne diseases</a></li> <li><a href="#food">Food and water borne disease</a></li> <li><a href="#hazard">Natural hazards</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="vaccination">Vaccinations for New Caledonia</h2> <p>The <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/new-caledonia/" target="_blank" title="CDC">CDC</a> and <a href="https://www.who.int/ith/en/" target="_blank" title="WHO">World Health Organization</a> recommend travelers consider these vaccinations for New Caledonia:</p> <ul> <li>Influenza</li> <li>Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)</li> <li>Hepatitis A and B</li> <li>Polio</li> <li>Typhoid</li> <li>Yellow fever</li> <li>Meningitis</li> <li>Tdap (tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis)</li> <li>Chickenpox</li> <li>Shingles</li> <li>Pneumonia.</li> </ul> <h2 id="medical">Medical treatment in New Caledonia</h2> <p>If you do get sick or have an accident, the three hospitals on the main island, Grand Terre (the locals call it "Le Caillou" - The Rock), can treat routine ailments and handle most emergencies very well. But if you don't have travel insurance, expect to pay upfront – and it's not cheap.</p> <p>If you require complex treatment you'll need to be evacuated to Australia.</p> <p>Scuba diving is a popular activity all over New Caledonia, but there's only one hyperbaric (decompression) chamber in Noumea. If you're on an outer island, it's going to be a while before help arrives or you can be transferred to Grand Terre.</p> <h2 id="mosquito">Mosquito-borne diseases</h2> <h3>Dengue fever</h3> <p><a href="https://www.iamat.org/country/new-caledonia/risk/dengue" target="_blank" title="IAMAT">Dengue fever is common in the warm and wet months of December to February</a>. There's no vaccination available, so it's important to take precautions to avoid mosquito bites. Wear long, light loose-fitting clothing, apply insect repellent at all times of the day and make sure your room is mosquito-proof otherwise sleep under a mosquito net. If your room has a fan, sleep with that on.</p> <p>Tip out any stagnant water you see sitting around your accommodation.</p> <h3>Chikungunya</h3> <p>This virus is transmitted by a daytime biting female mosquito – which means it's even more important to protect yourself from mosquito bites no matter what time of day it is.</p> <p>Chikungunya is asymptomatic. If you are infected, you will begin to feel sick 3–12 days after the infected mosquito bite.</p> <h2 id="food">Food and water borne disease</h2> <p>Hygiene and sanitation standards are good in the resorts, they may be less so in outer islands. So the vast majority of visitors needn't be concerned about water-borne disease and parasites.</p> <p>Tap water in Noumea and most resorts is safe to drink, however if you are elsewhere in the country, it's advised to boil or treat your water before consuming.</p> <p>Food and water borne diseases such as typhoid and Hepatitis A are present in New Caledonia. You can avoid contracting these diseases by observing good personal hygiene practices and taking a few precautions with your food and drinks.<br /><br />Cigatera seafood poisoning has been reported in the country.</p> <h2 id="hazard">Natural hazards</h2> <p>Tropical storms and cyclones (<a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/how-to-survive-a-hurricane" target="_blank" title="How to survive a hurricane">hurricanes</a>) are common from November to April, but storms can happen at anytime. Because there is limited capacity to leave New Caledonia by commercial flight, you may need to ride it out. Your hotel will advise you on where to take shelter.</p>Getty Images/Mako photo 1143950474 Getty Images Luengoni Beach on Lifou Island in New Caledonia

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/northern-europe/estonia/crime-lawFrom drones and photography laws to crime and LGBTQ+ safety, this is what you need to know before you go.2020-03-01T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/northern-europe/estonia/crime-lawhttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>Estonia is a relatively safe country for people to visit and travel <a href="/travel-safety/northern-europe/estonia/estonia-weather" target="_blank" title="Planning for the weather in Estonia">all year round</a>. As tourism increases each year, we answer the question: is there anything to worry about in Estonia? Here are a few travel safety tips.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#crime"> Crime in Estonia </a></li> <li><a href="#drunk"> Driving under the influence </a></li> <li><a href="#drugs"> Drugs </a></li> <li><a href="#photo"> Photography </a></li> <li><a href="#drone"> Drones </a></li> <li><a href="#lgbtq"> LGBTQ+ safety </a></li> </ul> <h2 id="crime">Crime in Estonia</h2> <p>Violent crime towards travelers rarely occurs in Estonia, however petty crime does exist, so use your common sense and take general precautions (like you would anywhere you go) such as:</p> <ul> <li>Be aware of your surroundings and who is around you. Pickpockets can operate in small groups</li> <li>Secure your valuables while traveling and keep an eye on your bags</li> <li>Only take what you need out with you each day</li> <li>Keep an eye on your credit or travel money card at all times. Credit card fraud does happen in Estonia, particuarly in more touristy locations</li> <li>Avoid doing any personal admin transactions e.g banking on public WiFi services</li> <li>Pickpockets and bag snatchings can occur, generally around <a href="/travel-safety/northern-europe/estonia/guide-to-estonia" target="_blank" title="How to get around Estonia safely">transport hubs</a>, the Old Town area in Tallin and crowded spots such as markets, clubs, bars and restaurants</li> <li>Avoid walking through poorly lit streets or parks.</li> </ul> <h2 id="drunk">Blood alcohol limits for drivers in Estonia</h2> <p>There are strict rules in Estonia against drunk driving. Anyone with a blood alcohol level above zero will face significant penalties, including imprisonment and fines.</p> <p>Even those driving their cars via ferry can be subjected to breath checks. So despite the enticing alcohol prices, make sure you are zero before you get behind the wheel.</p> <h2 id="drugs">Drugs</h2> <p>It is illegal to use, possess or traffick drugs in Estonia. Penalties are harsh, even a small amount on you can land you in jail for ~10 years. Your safest option is to not do drugs or get involved with illegal activity while traveling.</p> <h2 id="photo">Photography</h2> <p>As you would anywhere in the world, avoid taking photos of government, military and infrastructure buildings such as airports. It's always nice to <a href="/create/learn/photography/photo-etiquette-in-nepal-travel-tips" target="_blank" title="Photo etiquette">ask someone if they mind having their photo taken beforehand to avoid offense</a>.</p> <h2 id="drone">Drones</h2> <p>Drones for recreational use can be flown in Estonia without a permit however travelers will need to adhere to <a href="https://uavsystemsinternational.com/pages/estonia-drone-laws" target="_blank" title="Drone flying laws">local drone flying laws</a>.</p> <h2 id="lgbtq">Is Estonia safe for LGBTQ+ travelers?</h2> <p>Although same sex relationships are legally recognized in Estonia (decriminalized in 1992), same sex marriage isn't. LGBTQ travelers should remain discreet at all times as homophobia does still exist in many places. Despite this, the country has become more progressive post-Soviet Union rule. The Baltic Pride festival takes place each year changing between Estonia, <a href="/travel-safety/northern-europe/lithuania/criminal-activity-in-lithuania" target="_blank" title="Is Lithuania safe?">Lithuania</a> and <a href="/travel-safety/northern-europe/latvia/safety-in-riga-latvia" target="_blank" title="Is Riga safe?">Latvia</a>. The capital Tallinn will host the event in 2020.</p>Getty Images/Kavalenkava Volha 1 Getty Images A beautiful town in Estonia

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/central-asia/uzbekistan/travel-healthCan you drink tap water in Uzbekistan? Travel experts share their tips to avoid health hazards and disease in Uzbekistan.2019-12-11T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/central-asia/uzbekistan/travel-healthhttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>Medical facilities and medications are limited in Uzbekistan, and <a href="https://uz.usembassy.gov/u-s-citizen-services/doctors/prescription-medicines/" target="_blank" title="US Citizen advice">some medications are illegal</a> here.</p> <p>Find out what you need to know to stay healthy <a href="/travel-safety/central-asia/uzbekistan/the-silk-road-through-uzbekistan" target="_blank" title="How to get around Uzbekistan safely">while on the road in Uzbekistan</a>.</p> <h2>Vaccinations for travelers to Uzbekistan</h2> <p>Generally, there are not many health issues to worry about in Uzbekistan. However, there have been outbreaks of Hepatitis A, meningitis, malaria and diphtheria. While vaccinations are not mandatory for travel, talk to your doctor prior to your trip about whether or not you need the following vaccinations:</p> <ul> <li>Hepatitis A</li> <li>Hepatitis B</li> <li>Japanese encephalitis</li> <li>Rabies</li> <li>Typhoid</li> <li>Influenza</li> <li>Polio</li> <li>Malaria</li> <li>Tetanus-diphtheria</li> <li>Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).</li> </ul> <h2>Carry prescriptions for all medication</h2> <p>On a trip to Uzbekistan in 2018, <a href="https://www.brentrobinsauthor.com/" target="_blank" title="Satirical Fiction Novel Author">Brent Robins</a> wishes he'd known to carry prescriptions for all his medications. Have your doctor write a letter for ibuprofen as well as any over the counter medications.</p> <p>The authorities don't hassle travelers as much since the new President was elected, however, to be on the safe side, come prepared.</p> <p>When you go through customs, authorities will analyze the length of your stay to ensure the amount of prescription medication you are carrying doesn't exceed a quantity they consider within their lawful guidelines. Keep this in mind, and try to only carry what you expect you'll need for your duration of stay.</p> <h2>Food poisoning and water safety in Uzbekistan</h2> <p>You should drink or use only boiled or bottled water, and avoid ice in drinks. Water-borne, food-borne, parasitic and other infectious diseases are prevalent, with more serious outbreaks occurring from time to time.</p> <p>After <a href="https://www.beenaroundtheglobe.com/" target="_blank" title="BeenAroundTheGlobe">travel blogger Roobens</a> spent three weeks in Uzbekistan on an overland trip from Europe to Southeast Asia, he says the only real "danger" is food. "Don't get me wrong, it's delicious. But numerous visitors (including me!) get travelers' diarrhea, and in some cases food poisoning – even if you take all the necessary precautions."</p> <h3>Do you have any tips for travelers to Uzbekistan? Share your experience below!</h3>Getty Images/Vera Lyubushkina EyeEm 1 Getty Images

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/central-asia/turkmenistan/getting-around-safelyPlane, train and automobile. There's more than one way to see this picturesque Central Asian country. Here are our trips to traveling safely in Turkmenistan.2018-10-04T10:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/central-asia/turkmenistan/getting-around-safelyhttps://www.worldnomads.com<h2>Getting There and Around</h2> <p>Tourists, although welcome, will be expected to hire a guide and be accompanied on an official tour. This is a pain, and an unavoidable one. No only will you pay a day rate for the guide (upwards of $50) you'll also be expected to pay for their meals and lodging while they're with you – at hotels and restaurants though they will pay the local rate, which is no more than $2-$5 for room and board. Tipping is not expected.</p> <p>You do not need a guide in the capital Ashgabat, nor in the immediate surrounding areas. You can visit the following unescorted - Tolkuchka Bazaar, Kipchak Mosque (with Turkmenbashi's tomb next door), and Nissa – your hotel should be able to assist you with booking a car to visit these places – by far the easiest way to do it, and not expensive.</p> <h2>Gypsy Cabs</h2> <p>As is often the case in Central Asia most ‘taxis' are not licensed are most likely to be a man using his family car to make some extra money – these are sometimes known as ‘gypsy cabs.' Most locals flag a car down and then anything that stops is a ‘taxi', there's no official fares, so give what you think is fair. This of course leaves you wide open to being ripped off, but there's no alternative. If you get in and feel uncomfortable, simply ask them to stop politely, get out and wave them to carry on. This is what locals do and it's perfectly acceptable.</p> <p>For a safer ride, use the hard-to-find Yellow Cabs, which are usually located at the airport and near large hotels. Yellow Cabs are the only registered taxis and are discernable by their yellow colour and green Turkmen license plates. If the meter isn't working, agree a price before getting in. There's a flat fee of 8 Denominated Turkmen Manat (about AUS $ 2.80 at the March, 2011 exchange rate) within the Ashgabat city limits.</p> <h2>Rough Roads</h2> <p>Road conditions outside of major cities are highly variable and usually poor and most public transport, including taxis, will not normally have seat belts provided. Common issues on the roads include dilapidated streets, unlit roads, and surprise camel crossings. Cars also frequently make left-turns from the right lane and vice-versa making driving dicey.</p> <p>Road blocks occur regularly (whenever you enter a new <em>welayat</em>(province). Your guide will help you with the inevitable document checks that will follow.<br /><br /></p> <h2>Cargo Ferries</h2> <p>Do not be fooled by the reference to ‘ferries' that are often discussed in online forums and that are referred to in popular guidebooks. These ferries – that travel the Caspian Sea from Baku, Azerbaijan, to the port of Turkmenbashy in western Turkmenistan - are in fact cargo ships that take passengers if space allows.</p> <p>The main issue with embarking on this adventure is that there's no food or water, the conditions are basic and toilet/washing facilities worse. It's a risky trip as when ships arrive in Turkmenbashy, they often wait up to a week for a vacant dock – some travellers have had the unfortunate experience of having their Turkmen visa expire while they wait, when food and water has run out too.</p>GettyImages/Jean-Philippe Tournut 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/oceania/australia/crocodile-safety-tips-to-stay-safeCrocodiles are something travelers need to consider while traveling in the northern parts of Australia. Being forewarned means you can enjoy the region's natural beauty and stay safe.2018-10-12T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/oceania/australia/crocodile-safety-tips-to-stay-safehttps://www.worldnomads.com<h2>Crocodiles In Australia</h2> <p>When people think of the top end of Australia, more often than not crocodiles and their toothy grins will come to mind. Crocodiles and their relatives have been on Earth for ~84 million years and are the closest living relatives to birds. These iconic reptilian predators inhabit mangrove wetlands, creeks, rivers and coastal areas in the Northern Territory; and have been spotted as far south as Broome in Western Australia and Gladstone in Queensland.<br /><br /></p> <p>There are two types of crocodiles:</p> <h3>Freshwater (Freshies)</h3> <p>These reptiles grow to around 10ft (3m) in size, smaller build than their saltwater cousins less threatening and are not capable of killing a human.</p> <h3>Saltwater (Salties)</h3> <p>These guys are much larger than their freshwater cousins, more aggressive and much, much more serious to deal with. Unlike what their name suggests, Saltwater crocodiles aren't just found in the sea. They generally spend the tropical wet season in freshwater swamps and rivers, moving downstream to estuaries in the dry season, and sometimes traveling far out to sea.</p> <p>As these Salties start at around 2 metres long and can get as big as 15 metres, it's unlikely you'll find one in your shoe or under your teacup. So you do have a chance to be prepared in advance. It can be hard however, to recognise when you've entered croc territory as they're well disguised, rarely showing themselves and approaching their targets very stealthily.<br /><br /></p> <h2>Warning Signs</h2> <p>The vast majority of fatalities and injuries have occurred when people have either ignored warning signs or not swum in designated safe areas.</p> <p>Authorities place warning signs in known locations where crocodiles like to frequent. But.. if there is no sign, it doesn't mean it's croc free.</p> <p>In saying that, just because there appears to be no crocodiles around, doesn't mean there isn't. These guys are the masters of disguise and stealth. A crocodile can stay submerged for up to four hours. <br /><br />So don't risk your life and heed the warning signs.</p> <h2>Tips to Stay Croc Safe</h2> <p>As crocs are often found in remote areas and wilderness, help could be far off, so it's best to err on the side of caution and pay attention to these tips:</p> <p>How do I avoid a croc attack? Thinking about swimming or boating:</p> <p>If you see a crocodile sign, do not go swimming, padling or wading. At all. Not even your big toe. If you're in an area where you know salties are present, the same thing applies; no swimming. Especially at night. Don't sit on branches overhanging croc creeks Be careful in boats - don't dangle your feet over the edge.</p> <p>If you're camping, remember, these guys are great at lunging out of the water and grabbing stuff from the banks.</p> <p>Set up at least 50 metres from the edge of the water Be very cautious about collecting water and don't collect it from the same spot everyday Don't leave leftover food need the water Don't clean fish at the edge of the water or share your fish guts with them.</p>GettyImages/renelo 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/marine-hazardsSpending time in the ocean is a great way to relax and connect with nature, however some parts of nature aren't so friendly.2019-03-19T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/marine-hazardshttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>The ocean, by and large, is a relatively safe place to spend time in or near relaxing and disconnecting from the hustle of everyday life. Over 70% of the Earth's surface is covered by water and there is an underwater world out there waiting to be explored. Most creatures will pretty much leave you alone unless you provoke them whether directly or indirectly; however some can make you ill or even potentially kill you if you don't take care.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#occy">Blue Ringed Octopus</a></li> <li><a href="#stingray">Stingrays</a></li> <li><a href="#fire">Fire Coral</a></li> <li><a href="#coral">Coral Wound</a></li> <li><a href="#stonefish">Stonefish</a></li> <li><a href="#lionfish">Lionfish</a></li> <li><a href="#urchin">Sea Urchins</a></li> <li><a href="#cone">Cone Shell</a></li> <li><a href="#blue">Blue Bottles</a></li> <li><a href="#irukandji">Irukandji</a></li> <li><a href="#box-jellyfish">Box Jellyfish</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="occy">Blue Ringed Octopus</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong> Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean<br /><br />These eight legged creatures aren't as big as their common octopus relatives, barely growing bigger than 8 inches (20cm); but their toxic bite makes up for their size. They like to hide out in tidal pools, in rocky nooks and crannies and in coral reef areas. Blue ringed octopus are pretty timid and won't flare up those well known blue rings unless they feel threatened. Often people are bitten because they have picked one up and don't feel the bite because it is that tiny.<br /><br /><strong>How to Avoid: </strong>Don't pick one up or harass it.<br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>There is no anti-venom available. Flush the wound with clean water and protect puncture area. </p> <br /> <h2 id="stingray">Stingrays</h2> <p><strong>Region: </strong>There are over 200 species of stingray, which inhabit every ocean in the world and some species can be found in freshwater environments such as rivers and lakes.</p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> These flat sharks will rarely barb someone, only doing so if it feels threatened or has been stepped on. To avoid being barbed, don't harass them and if you are walking through water, shuffle your feet rather than step through the water as sometimes stingrays will nestle and bury themselves. The stingray will sense the vibrations and move away.<br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>Depending on the size of the animal, a stingray can inflict lacerations or a puncture wound (even to the point where the barb can be embedded). Clean the wound thoroughly, apply pressure to control any bleeding and seek medical treatment urgently as there is risk for an infection and tetanus. Surgery may be required for serious cases. <br /><br /> <h2 id="fire">Fire Coral</h2> <p><strong>Region: </strong>Found in sub-tropical and tropical waters. While not "true corals", fire coral are colonial animals known as hydrozoans. These creatures have a hard, porous skeleton from which tiny stinging tentacles will protrude, stinging anything which may brush or push on it.</p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> If scuba diving or snorkeling, maintain your buoyancy and avoid brushing up against or touching any corals. <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment:</strong> Fire coral isn't toxic however it causes incredible pain and a skin rash, if brushed against. Rinse the affected area in vinegar and keep it clean and dry. If open wounds are present, seek medical treatment.<br /><br /> <h2 id="coral">Coral Wound</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>Remove any traces of coral from the wound and flush the wound with clean water. Sterilse the wound with a disinfectant such as Betadine. <span>This will need to be repeated daily, however if it shows signs of inflammation or infection, seek medical help.</span><br /><br /> <h2 id="stonefish">Stonefish</h2> <p><strong>Region: </strong>These guys are the masters of camoflage, often looking like coral, algae or sponge covered rocks.</p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>Anti venom is available. <figure><img src="https://media.worldnomads.com/travel-safety/worldwide/stonefishlead-Yann-HUBERT.jpg" /><figcaption> Stonefish Photo credit: GettyImages/Yann-HUBERT</figcaption></figure> <br /><br /> <h2 id="lionfish">Lionfish</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment:</strong><br /><br /> <h2 id="urchin">Sea Urchins</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:<br /></strong><br /><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>It's advised to seek medical treatment immediately as they are living creatures which carry microorganisms which can cause infection or in the case of urchins, some carry toxins.<strong><br /></strong><br /> <h2 id="cone">Cone Shell</h2> <p><strong>Region: </strong>Found in sub-tropical, tropical and temperate waters in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans, usually in inter-tidal, sandy bottomed and coral reef areas. The sea snail which lives within the shell has a barbed, dart style radula which it extends out to defend itself, administering a painful and venomous sting.</p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> There are approximately 800 species of cone shell and all are poisonous to humans. Their shells are quite beautiful and varied in pattern so if you are snorkeling, scuba diving or even just walking on the beach, avoid picking up any shells. <p><strong>Medical Treatment: </strong>Clean the wound thoroughly with fresh water and administer first aid for puncture wound. Immobilize the affected location and seek medical attention immediately.</p> <br /> <h2 id="blue">Blue Bottles</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment:</strong> <br /><br /> <h2 id="irukandji">Irukandji</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment:</strong><br /><br /> <h2 id="box-jellyfish">Box Jellyfish</h2> <p><strong>Region:</strong></p> <strong>How to Avoid:</strong> <br /><br /><strong>Medical Treatment:</strong>GettyImages/Hal Beral 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/malariaWhat is malaria? What are the symptoms and how can it be treated? What you need to know before you travel.2018-11-30T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/malariahttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#malaria">What is Malaria?</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">Symptoms of Malaria</a></li> <li><a href="#treatment">Malaria Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#vaccine">Is There a Vaccine?</a></li> <li><a href="#risk">Malaria Risk Factors</a></li> <li><a href="#prevention">Malaria Prevention</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="malaria">What is malaria?</h2> <p>Malaria is a <em>Plasmodium</em> - parasitic micro-organism - spread by the female <em>Anopheles</em> mosquito. This mosquito type flourishes in warm, wet regions and is common in tropical and subtropical regions, from Central America to northern South America, sub-Saharan Africa and right across east and southeast Asia.</p> <p>In 2016, the World Health Organization (WHO) World Malaria Report highlighted that 445,000 people died from contracting malaria (down from 446,000), and approximately 216 million people were infected. Most people were from the African continent followed by southeast Asia and the Americas.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">Symptoms of malaria</h2> <p>The symptoms of malaria include:</p> <ul> <li>Headache</li> <li>Fever</li> <li>Vomiting</li> <li>Fatigue</li> </ul> <p>Advanced cases can also show:</p> <ul> <li>Jaundice</li> <li>Seizure</li> <li>Rapid heart rate</li> <li>Disorientation</li> <li>Coma</li> <li>Death</li> </ul> <h2 id="treatment">Malaria treatment</h2> <p>As malaria presents symptoms common in other medical conditions, it's important to get checked out as soon as possible. If treated early, malaria can be cured.</p> <p>Anti-malarials are usually administered, and the type can vary depending on the severity of malaria and parasite type. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) states that if the right drugs are used and administered early, those infected with malaria can be cured and all parasites can be cleared from the patient's body.</p> <p>However, if the wrong drugs are given and treatment is delayed, the disease can continue and lay dormant years later.</p> <h2 id="vaccine">Is there a vaccine?</h2> <p>Due to the complexity of the malaria parasite, there is no commercially available vaccine. WHO reports that researchers are still developing and trialing a vaccine.</p> <p>However, travelers can take anti-malarial prophylaxis before heading into infected areas. But it's important to note that in some cases antimalarials are slowly becoming ineffective due to parasite resistance.</p> <p>Determining which anti-malarial is best can depend on:</p> <ul> <li>The age, fitness and medical history of the traveler.<br /><br /></li> <li>The type of malaria parasite present in the destination country and its resistance level. Some drugs work better than others.<br /><br /></li> <li>How long a traveler intends to spend in a country.<br /><br /></li> <li>Medical treatment facilities in the destination country can vary in terms of quantity, the standard of care etc.</li> </ul> <h2 id="risk">Malaria risk factors</h2> <p>According to the CDC, the likelihood of contracting malaria can depend on many factors:</p> <ul> <li>Complacency with using insect repellents.<br /><br /></li> <li>Immunity (repeated infections can result in partial immunity).<br /><br /></li> <li>Pregnancy.<br /><br /></li> <li>Exposure to mosquito breeding environments.<br /><br /></li> <li>Being outdoors at night can increase exposure.<br /><br /></li> <li>Travel to rural areas where people may come in contact with domesticated animals which provide infected mosquitos with a free meal.</li> </ul> <h2 id="prevention">Malaria prevention</h2> <p>The best ways to prevent malaria include:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/travel-safety/mosquitoes-and-bite-prevention">Bite prevention</a> includes covering up with long-sleeved clothing, using a mozzie net at night and applying a strong insect repellent.</li> <li>Taking antimalarials before heading to infected destinations.<br /><br /></li> <li>Avoiding places with standing water e.g ponds, large puddles, urns, containers, tires etc.<br /><br /></li> <li>For pregnant women travelers, it's advised to avoid locations where malaria is endemic due to the risk of miscarriage and poor fetal development.</li> </ul>istock.com/marie martin 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/caribbean/jamaica/travel-health-jamaicaWhat vaccinations do you need for Jamaica? From hurricanes to health issues, here are our tips on staying safe and healthy in Jamaica.2020-02-01T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/caribbean/jamaica/travel-health-jamaicahttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>Here are a few essential tips so you can stay safe and healthy while <a href="/explore/guides/caribbean-nomads-guide" target="_blank" title="Download our free guide to the Caribbean: Where Nomads Go">traveling this tropical paradise</a>.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#medical">Medical treatment in Jamaica </a></li> <li><a href="#vaccinations"> Vaccinations for Jamaica </a></li> <li><a href="#food"> Food and water borne diseases </a></li> <li><a href="#insect"> Insect borne diseases </a></li> <li><a href="#hiv">HIV/AIDS</a></li> <li><a href="#hazards">Natural hazards in Jamaica</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="medical">1. Medical treatment in Jamaica</h2> <p>Medical treatment is available in Jamaica’s major towns and cities, however the standards of care vary. Emergency services are only available in Kingston and Montego Bay.</p> <p>In more rural locations, medical services may not be available at all. It is advised to take out comprehensive travel insurance before departure particularly to cover serious and emergency medical situations.</p> <p>Should you need to see a doctor while in Jamaica, it’s a good idea to ask your hotel or hostel for a recommendation or contact your embassy (if present in Jamaica). However, it’s likely that any medical facility will require payment up front regardless of your travel insurance so be prepared for that.</p> <p>Bring any medications you may need and a doctor’s letter with you as there are no guarantees that there will be supplies of medications available at pharmacies.</p> <p>For the scuba divers heading to Jamaica, a hyperbaric chamber is located at the Discovery Bay Marine Lab near Ocho Rios.</p> <h2 id="vaccinations">2. Vaccinations for Jamaica</h2> <p>Check with your travel doctor for the right information on which vaccinations or booster shots you require before going to Jamaica. Always top up your routine vaccinations, and <a href="https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/destinations/traveler/none/jamaica" target="_blank" title="CDC: Jamaica vaccinations">make sure you are vaccinated against Hepatitis A and typhoid</a>, as outbreaks do occur from time to time.</p> <p>If you are traveling to Jamaica from a yellow fever endemic country, you will need proof of vaccination to enter Jamaica.</p> <p>Many of these illnesses exhibit similar symptoms; so if you start feeling noticeably under the weather or things feel like they are getting worse, visit the nearest hospital so you can be treated for the correct condition.</p> <h2 id="food">3. Food and water-borne diseases in Jamaica</h2> <h3>Traveler’s diarrhea</h3> <p><a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/travelers-diarrhoea-health-tips" target="_blank" title="Health Tips: How to Avoid and Treat Traveler's Diarrhea">This illness</a> strikes travelers no matter where they are but you can try to prevent spending days feeling like death warmed up by practicing good hygiene, avoiding iced drinks, peeling fruit and vegetables before eating and avoiding raw/undercooked foods. The local tap water is generally safe to drink in the cities but for the sake of not losing days on your trip, boil or treat the water.</p> <h3>Hepatitis A</h3> <p>One of the main diseases travelers need to be vaccinated for as it’s transmitted via contaminated food and water or unclean cups and utensils. As you would for traveler’s diarrhea, <a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/how-to-avoid-catching-novel-coronaviruses" target="_blank">good personal and food hygiene practices are not overrated</a>.</p> <h3>Typhoid</h3> <p>If you are planning to tour outside the major cities and towns, it’s worth getting a typhoid vaccination. Always observe good hygiene practices and take care with food and water consumption as you would for traveler’s diarrhea and Hepatitis A.</p> <h3>Swimming at local beaches</h3> <p>After major rain events, some beaches have poor water quality due to stormwater fall outs including fecal contamination. Check with locals before jumping in for that cool off dip and avoid swimming just after the rain.</p> <h3>Ciguatera poisoning</h3> <p>This fish toxin is prevalent throughout the Caribbean including Jamaica and mainly found in reef-dwelling fish species such as snapper, sea bass, grouper, barracuda and jack. The toxin is not destroyed during cooking so avoid these fish types when dining.</p> <h2 id="insect">4. Insect borne diseases</h2> <p>The following mosquito borne diseases have been detected in Jamaica.</p> <ul> <li>Zika virus</li> <li><a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/what-you-need-to-know-about-dengue-fever" target="_blank" title="Dengue Fever: What Travelers Need to Know">Dengue fever</a></li> <li>Malaria</li> <li>Chikungunya</li> </ul> <p>There are no vaccinations available (aside from <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/travelers/drugs.html" target="_blank" title="Choosing a Drug to Prevent Malaria">Malaria medication which has a range of side effects</a>), however you can take <a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/mosquitoes-and-bite-prevention" target="_blank" title="How to Avoid Mosquito Bites: What You Need to Know">preventative measures</a> to minimize the chance of being bitten.</p> <h3>No See Ums</h3> <p>Also known as midges or for the Aussies, sandflies. These little beasties congregate near water whether it’s a lake or a puddle and their bites are itchy as. Like you would for mosquitos, cover up and wear a repellent.</p> <h2 id="hiv">5. HIV/AIDS</h2> <p>Jamaica has one of the highest rates of HIV/AIDS infections in the Caribbean region, with an <a href="https://www.unaids.org/en/regionscountries/countries/jamaica" target="_blank" title="AIDS in Jamaica">estimated 40,000 people living with it in 2018</a>. According to <a href="https://www.unaids.org/en" target="_blank" title="UNAIDS">UNAIDS</a>, only 31% of those suffering from the disease in 2018 were receiving medical treatment.</p> <p>While the risk to travelers is low, however, it is advised that you avoid any sexual relations or getting a holiday tattoo due to the risk of infection via unhygenic needles.</p> <h2 id="hazards">6. Natural hazards in Jamaica</h2> <h3>Monsoon season</h3> <p>Jamaica has two seasons of rain, May and during the hurricane season. There have been recorded instances of major flooding in Jamaica due to high rainfall, which can leave roads unusable and towns flooded.</p> <h3>Hurricanes</h3> <p>Like most nations in the Caribbean, Jamaica gets swiped by mother nature occasionally. In 2017, Hurricanes Irma and Maria pretty much dodged the island, though unfortunately other Caribbean countries weren’t so lucky and suffered extensive damage. Hurricane season runs from June to November, and local weather forecasts give adequate warning in case you need to evacuate or bunker down.</p> <h3>Earthquakes</h3> <p>Jamaica is located near the boundary of two tectonic plates, making it susceptible to the odd rattle. The last time Jamaica experienced a major earthquake was in 1993 in Kingston, which is also the most seismically active spot in the country. In 2017, 92 earthquakes were reported. Find out <a href="/travel-safety/worldwide/how-to-survive-an-earthquake-travel-safety-tips" target="_blank" title="How to Survive an Earthquake: 3 Essential Safety Tips">how to stay safe during an earthquake with these tips</a> from Stephanie Hubbard.</p>iStock/johany 0518021332 iStock A warning sign at a lagoon in Jamaica

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/zika-virusZika virus is present in several regions around the world. Learn more about symptoms, treatment and prevention of the disease.2019-03-04T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/zika-virushttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#spread">How it Spreads</a></li> <li><a href="#regions">Regions Affected</a></li> <li><a href="#vaccination">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="#duration">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">Symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="#treat">Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#prevent">Prevention</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="spread">How it Spreads</h2> <p>Zika is part of the <em>flavivirus</em> family; which includes dengue, West Nile and yellow fever.</p> <p>The virus was first identified in 1947 in Uganda, and a few cases in other parts of Africa and Asia followed. Larger outbreaks were seen in Micronesia in 2007, French Polynesia in 2013 and Brazil in 2015. <br /><br />Zika is spread by sexual intercourse and blood transfusion. A pregnant woman infected with the virus can also pass it to her unborn child. However, the primary source of transmission is via mosquito bite.</p> <p>Female mosquitoes require mammalian blood to produce eggs. After a female mosquito bites someone already infected with zika, it spreads as the mosquito bites more people during its three to four-week life span. When a mosquito bites, it injects its saliva containing an anti-coagulant to stop blood from clotting as it bites. The saliva transmits the virus from the mosquito to you.</p> <p><em>Aedes aegypti </em>(yellow fever<em> </em>mosquito) is the primary carrier of zika, however, researchers have identified <em>Aedes albopictus </em>(Tiger Mosquito) as another potential carrier. These are the same biters that carry dengue, chikungunya and yellow fever.</p> <h2 id="regions">Regions Affected</h2> <p>Since 2015, the virus has spread to 60 countries and territories across the world.</p> <p>The <em>Aedes aegypti </em>mosquito likes warmth and is typically found where temperatures remain above 50°F (10°C.). Its territory is at latitudes between 35° north and 35° south, stopping at 3280ft (1000m) above sea level.</p> <p>Affected regions include:</p> <ul> <li>Central and South America</li> <li>Africa</li> <li>Asia</li> <li>Oceania (French Polynesia, Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste)</li> </ul> <h2 id="vaccination">Vaccination</h2> <p>Currently, there is no vaccination available for zika virus.</p> <h2 id="duration">Duration</h2> <p>Symptoms last from a few days to a week.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">Symptoms</h2> <p>Typically, zika presents similarly to dengue fever and chikungunya such as muscular aches, joint pains, fever, headache and skin rash. Some sufferers also develop conjunctivitis. Most of the time, symptoms are mild, with the majority of people presenting as asymptomatic. Severe illness is very rare. Pregnant women are at significant risk if traveling in regions where zika is present. Obstetric monitoring for microcephaly will be needed.</p> <h2 id="treat">Treatment</h2> <p>Treatment for zika is limited to treating the symptoms present plus pain relief, hydration and rest. If you feel unwell, seek medical assistance to ensure you are treated correctly and promptly. If you're in a country where the standard of health care may be poor, contact your travel insurer for assistance.</p> <h2 id="prevent">Prevention</h2> <ul> <li>Cover up with long-sleeved clothing, preferably light-colored</li> <li>Treat your clothes and gear with permethrin. It lasts about two weeks, even after a couple of wash cycles</li> <li>Use a strong DEET based insect repellent (35%)</li> <li>Put DEET on again before you go out in the evening</li> <li>Keep windows closed and use air conditioning (if available) at your accommodation</li> <li>Sleep with the fan on (if available). Mosquitoes aren’t strong enough to fight the current of most fans</li> <li>If there is no AC or fan, sleep under a mosquito net treated with permethrin and tuck the ends under your mattress. Don't forget to check for holes in the net.</li> </ul>GettyImages/by Alfian Widiantono 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-wiser/wellness/long-haul-flight-healthLong-haul flights can take a toll on your body and if you're not prepared, make you feel ill even after you land. Here are our tips to help you arrive feeling fresh.2024-11-20T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-wiser/wellness/long-haul-flight-healthhttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>As <a href="/responsible-travel/make-a-difference/planet/your-guide-to-greener-air-travel">aviation technology advances</a>, we are seeing more non-stop flights being offered, promising to shorten flight times. However, there is still a long way to go. For now, travelers need to catch flights up to 18 hours long, or even multiple flights to get to and from destinations that are thousands of miles away.</p> <p>Long-haul flights take a toll on us mentally and physically. Here are a few things to know about how flying affects our bodies, and how to stay healthy on your long-haul flight.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#body"> What does a long flight do to your body?</a></li> <li><a href="#tips">Tips to stay healthy</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="body">What does a long flight do to your body?</h2> <div style="padding: 56.25% 0 0 0; position: relative;"><iframe width="300" height="150" style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/943487449?badge=0&autopause=0&player_id=0&app_id=58479" frameborder="0" allow="autoplay; fullscreen; picture-in-picture; clipboard-write" title="Travel Wiser | Long Haul Flights"></iframe></div> <script src="https://player.vimeo.com/api/player.js"></script> <h3><br />Our blood oxygen saturation level drops</h3> <p>Oxygen levels in the air decrease at higher elevations. So, although airlines pressurize the air in the cabins, <a href="https://health.clevelandclinic.org/dehydration-exhaustion-and-gas-what-flying-on-an-airplane-does-to-your-body" target="_blank">the air pressure is less than it would be at sea level</a>, which means our blood oxygen levels are reduced (hypoxia). This can lead to sleepiness, a lack of mental alertness and sometimes, headaches. Sitting down for long periods on a flight compounds this issue due to lack of circulation.</p> <h3>Our circadian rhythm gets messed with</h3> <p>Jet lag is a mix-up between our body clock (which regulates everything from our brain function to when we need to use the bathroom) and the real-time destination we are traveling to. Our circadian rhythm can only be reset for up to 90 minutes every 24 hours, and the lack of light exposure on the plane <a href="/travel-wiser/wellness/how-to-overcome-jet-lag-tips-for-travelers">adds to the effects of jet lag</a>. Traveling east is harder than traveling west, as it fights against the normal body-clock process. Fir full recovery, you need one day for each hour of time zone difference between where you are traveling from and to.</p> <h3>Blood pools in our lower extremities</h3> <p>Due to the lack of circulation in our bodies, blood will pool in our legs and feet. This causes swelling, and can lead to blood clots and <a href="https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/deep-vein-thrombosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20352557" target="_blank">deep vein thrombosis</a>, which can be life-threatening. That's why it's important to get up and move around frequently when flying. </p> <h3>We get bloated and gassy</h3> <p>At altitude, gases in our body expand, leaving our stomachs and abdomens feeling full and bloated. Gases at altitude also affect our ability to hear, creating the popping effect and a pressurized feeling in our ears on take-off and landing. On the descent, the eustachian tube doesn't react fast enough which is why our ears hurt from the pressure change.</p> <h3>We end up dehydrated</h3> <p>Airplanes pull air from outside the plane into the cabin during flight. At this elevation, air has almost no moisture. Because the cabin air is so dry <span>(</span><span>as low as 5% humidity)</span>, our skin begins to lose moisture and in turn, the rest of our body. Dehydration also exposes you to potential bacteria and viruses as your mucus membranes, which provide a natural barrier, dry out.</p> <h3>We get exposed to germs</h3> <p>Flying on a plane can sometimes feel like you are stuck in a cigar-shaped petri dish. Fellow passengers may be coughing or sneezing, and there are only a few bathrooms for multiple bathrooms. A 2014 study by Auburn University in Alabama discovered that bacteria such as staph and e-coli <a href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/deadly-germs-can-live-in-aircraft-cabins-for-a-week/" target="_blank">can survive for up to a week</a> in a plane on cabin surfaces, armrests, tray tables and other spots. </p> <p><em>Planning an overseas adventure? Find out <a href="/travel-insurance">how travel insurance can cover</a> lost or stolen baggage, trip cancellation, sudden illness, or other mishaps.</em></p> <h2 id="tips">Tips to stay healthy on a long-haul flight</h2> <h3>Get comfortable</h3> <p>If you're stuck in the plane for 14 hours you may as well settle in and get comfy. Consider what you plan to wear (loose-fitting clothing is ideal) and where you want to sit before you get on the plane so you can relax without feeling restricted. Washing your face and brushing your teeth before sleeping can help you feel more relaxed. Planes get cold and not every airline will offer a blanket, so pack a sarong, shawl or light blanket plus socks and slippers. Don't forget the eyemask and neck pillow.</p> <p><strong>Tip:</strong> wear your seat belt over your blanket so the flight crew doesn't disturb you if the seat belt sign comes on after you have fallen asleep.</p> <h3>Wear compression socks</h3> <p>These are available in lengths that go your knee or all the way up to your hip. They keep the blood from pooling in your lower leg and your feet, helping prevent swelling and achiness.</p> <h3>Block the noise</h3> <p>Sleeping on planes isn't always easy, so grab some earplugs or noise-canceling headphones to drown out the droning noise of the plane and that guy who is snoring in the nearby row.</p> <h3>Stay hydrated</h3> <p>While drinking plenty of water hydrates you, your full bladder also nudges you to get up and visit the bathroom. Drink alcohol in moderation and limit your caffeine intake if you are planning to sleep. You may also want to consider using a saline nasal spray and moisturizer to stop your nose and skin from drying out.</p> <p><strong>Tip:</strong> bring an empty reusable bottle that you can refill with water before or during the flight. This saves using plastic cups and means you always have water on hand.</p> <h3>Eat light</h3> <p>Try to avoid fatty and heavy foods while flying. Steer clear of fizzy drinks and gas-producing foods e.g beans, lentils, burgers, fries etc. which can leave you bloated. Your digestive system slows down while flying so also consider your food choices when it comes to the meal offerings. Try to eat a light and balanced meal, avoiding starchy and sugary foods. Pack your own snacks.</p> <h3>Practice good hygiene</h3> <p>Make sure you pack a hand sanitizer and use it before meals and after using the bathroom. It's also a good idea to wipe down your tray table, armrest, and entertainment touchscreen with a disinfecting wipe.</p> <h3>Stretch and walk around</h3> <p>Our blood oxygen levels are lower and our circulation slows down when we spend hours sitting on a flight which can lead to deep vein thrombosis. So make sure you get up every hour to stretch and go for a walk around the plane. (But <a href="/travel-wiser/survival/is-turbulence-dangerous">always keep your seatbelt fastened when seated</a>.)</p> <h3>Time zone adjustment</h3> <p>To combat jet lag, prepare yourself prior to the flight by getting a good night's sleep and doing some light exercise e.g going for a walk outside, doing yoga, or a light session at the gym. While on the flight, switch your watch to the time of your destination and try to sleep according to that timezone. Upon arrival, if it's daylight make sure you get outside for some sun and fresh air.</p> <h3>Sleep medications</h3> <p>Some travelers like to use a sleep medication e.g melatonin or a prescription drug to help them sleep on the plane. Have a chat with your doctor and try the medication out before you fly. There is nothing worse than being on a flight, having a reaction to what you have taken and not being able to do anything about it. For some, sleep drugs can act like a stimulant rather than a sedative, leaving you awake the entire flight.</p> <h3>Unblock your ears</h3> <p>On the descent, you will notice your ear pressure change and for some people, it can be painful. Some ways to get relief include holding your nose and blowing gently out through your ears, yawning, chewing gum, or sucking candy to help release the pressure in your eustachian tubes.</p>Photo by Gerrie van der Walt on Unsplash 0uOc3ldMSAiY Unsplash The narrow aisle of a commercial flight

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/travel-safely-buenos-airesBuenos Aires is one of South America's most exciting and vibrant cities. While the city is relatively safe, here are some tips to stay safe on public transport.2019-04-08T10:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/travel-safely-buenos-aireshttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>From the popular Caminito strip and Casa Rosada to the charismatic nightlife scene, there’s always something to see or do in Buenos Aires. With so many neighborhoods to check out, chances are you’ll be out and about from dusk to dawn.</p> <p>The good news is that Buenos Aires is relatively safe compared to its South American counterparts. Most of the inner city streets and neighborhoods are clean, well maintained and well-lit at night. Plus, the public transport system, especially the bus service, has had a spruce up in recent years.</p> <p>But there are little nuances to navigating your way around the city. So before you take a stroll through La Boca, or hit up one of the city’s all-night <em>boliches </em>(nightclubs with dancing)<em>, </em>it pays to read up on the best ways to get around this city quickly and safely. The last thing you want is to end up in the wrong part of town or to stand around looking lost.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#public-transport-in-buenos-aires">Public Transport in Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="#buenos-aires-local-buses-and-subway">Local Buses and Subway</a></li> <li><a href="#stay-safe---hold-on-tight">Stay Safe - Hold on Tight</a></li> <li><a href="#guiat---pocket-guide-to-buenos-aires">Guia T - Pocket Guide to Buenos Aires</a></li> <li><a href="#sube---buenos-aires-transport-card">SUBE - Buenos Aires Transport Card</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="public-transport-in-buenos-aires">Public transport in Buenos Aires</h2> <p>If it’s your first time in the city, you'll probably be calling Palermo, Recoleta or Puerto Madero home for a few days. These neighborhoods are popular with visitors and expats, and as soon as you step out of your hotel you’ll find just about everything you need to experience Buenos Aires’ hottest dining and club scenes.</p> <p>But burst through these cosmopolitan bubbles, and you’ll discover there’s so much more to explore, and public transport can be a great, affordable way to see it all.</p> <p>Note: if you’re traveling alone late at night, especially females, it’s best to avoid the subway. Opt for a registered taxi or travel with a friend instead.</p> <h2 id="buenos-aires-local-buses-and-subway">Local buses and subway</h2> <p>Previously shunned by the middle or upper class, the <em>Colectivo</em> (local bus<em>)</em> and the<em> <g class="gr_ gr_643 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="643" data-gr-id="643">subte</g></em> (subway) are now two of the most popular ways to travel in and around the city, especially during the day.</p> <p>There’s a service that runs through, or close to, all popular destinations and attractions. But keep in mind this is a city of about three million people, so it can get pretty crowded, especially during weekday peak periods, which are around 8-9am and 6-8pm.</p> <p>As you would in any crowded area while traveling, make sure you stay alert and watch out for pickpockets who might bump or slide up against you. </p> <p>You’ll be quick to notice even locals keep their belongings, such as handbags and laptop bags, very close to them while traveling around. Wear bags across and over your shoulder if possible, and zip them shut. Don’t forget to leave your valuable jewelry at home. Wearing anything sparkly on public transport (or anywhere in South America, for that matter) is a big no-no.</p> <p>If you’re more of a backpacking kind of nomad, you’ll want to wear your bag around your front, not your back.</p> <p>Depending on the neighborhood, avoid standing around flicking through your smartphone on public transport (or on the streets) either. La Boca, especially just outside of the main Caminito area, and Retiro, mainly around the market and train station, are two popular visitor destinations where you’ll want to stay on your guard. That witty social media post isn’t worth tempting even the most rookie criminal! So keep it in a safe, closed section of your bag or in one of your front pockets. That goes for wallets, too.</p> <h2 id="stay-safe---hold-on-tight">Stay safe - hold on tight</h2> <p>Another safety tip is to get on or off the bus and train quickly and to hold on tight.</p> <p>On most streets and roads, the bus won’t pull up to the curb, even if there’s a queue. Sometimes, the bus will barely make a complete stop to let people on and off, so you’ll need to be on your A-game. Also, watch out for cyclists in the bike lane or motorcyclists zipping nearby before you get on or off.</p> <p>Once the last person has stepped up, drivers are quick to close the doors and drive off again. It’s followed by a rollercoaster of a ride, so grab a seat or hold on to something quick!</p> <p>This all makes for a quick and efficient ride, but a somewhat chaotic one too! Some travelers have reported their ankles or shoes getting stuck in the door before they’ve fully got on board or off their bus or train.</p> <h2 id="guiat---pocket-guide-to-buenos-aires">Guia T - pocket guide to Buenos Aires</h2> <p>If you’re planning on finding your own way around Buenos Aires, a <em>Guia T</em> will be your best friend. It’s a pocket guidebook of the city’s 100+ bus lines and tiny maps of the streets, roads, and intersections too. It’s handy for navigating the public transport system and for pedestrians as well. Even the <em><g class="gr_ gr_102 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling" id="102" data-gr-id="102">portenos</g></em> (locals) use them, and they’re so small you won’t look like a tourist carrying one around.<br />You can pick one up at kiosks and newsstands around the city, and it will cost around 5 pesos.</p> <p>Got internet access? In January 2016, Google Maps upgraded its public transport function to include the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires. Around 800 routes and 34,000 bus and train stops in the BA metro area were added to the Google Maps app, which means you can now type in your location and destination in and the app will work out the best route for you.</p> <h2 id="sube---buenos-aires-transport-card">SUBE - Buenos Aires Transport Card</h2> <p>Recently, the city moved to an electronic card system, so instead of loose change, you’ll now need a SUBE card to travel on the bus and subway.</p> <p>You can buy a SUBE (pronounced “soo-<g class="gr_ gr_98 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="98" data-gr-id="98">beh</g>”) from any one of the kiosks found on every corner in the city, or look out for a small blue sticker with SUBE written on it in <g class="gr_ gr_1040 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Grammar only-ins doubleReplace replaceWithoutSep" id="1040" data-gr-id="1040">kiosk</g> or shop windows. Ask for a SUBE card (a simple</p> <p><em>'un <g class="gr_ gr_99 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="99" data-gr-id="99">sube</g>, <g class="gr_ gr_1131 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling" id="1131" data-gr-id="1131">por</g> favor" </em>will do if you’re Spanish isn’t up to scratch) and top up the card using one of the machines in the kiosk or store. The card will set you back a few pesos and you’ll need a minimum of three pesos for any trip.</p> <p>You can buy one card per person, or if you’re traveling in a small group or as a couple, you can also use one card for multiple people on the same trip.</p> <p>To use the bus, you’ll need to tell your driver the destination first (bet you’re glad you picked up that <em>Guia T</em> first, right?), then for the correct fare, tell the driver where you’d like to get off (by cross street, or name if it’s a well-known destination), and the driver will program your fare into the card reader.</p> <p>Then you tap your card, and you’re done. There’s no need to tap off at the end of the trip. Another way is to tell the driver how much to charge. To travel seven to 10 blocks, or say a few miles, you’ll need three to four pesos. So, you could say "<em>cuatro pesos, <g class="gr_ gr_1303 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling" id="1303" data-gr-id="1303">por</g> favor", </em>if you know roughly how far your destination is on that particular bus route. </p>iStock/Goddard_Photography 0692086938 iStock A subway train in a downtown Subte (Buenos Aires Underground) station

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/womens-safety-tips-argentinaArgentina is generally a safe country for women traveling alone, but here are some easy hints and tips to stay safe.2019-04-08T10:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/womens-safety-tips-argentinahttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>The main complaint from <a href="/travel-safety/travel-safety-tips-for-women-travelers" target="_blank">women travelers</a> is unwanted attention from men.</p> <p>Most are cases of minor harassment – whistling, making suggestive comments, staring, for example - but there have also been reports of sexual assault. </p> <ul> <li><a href="#alone"> Staying Safe While Sightseeing Alone </a></li> <li><a href="#night"> How to Stay Safe at Night in Argentina </a></li> </ul> <h2>Staying safe while sightseeing alone</h2> <p>As you would in your own hometown or country, make sure you stay alert and cautious when walking alone, especially at night. Savvy travelers know to avoid quiet, dimly-lit streets even in metro areas. Thinking about taking a shortcut through an empty park after dusk, or what about checking out a quiet street or alleyway? You probably wouldn’t do it at home, so don’t try it on your travels!</p> <p>If you’re a woman walking alone in Argentina, regardless of the time of day, local men will probably stare or whistle at you. It’s not incessant, and most of the time you can just ignore it and move on.</p> <p>But in certain situations, it can be enough to make some women feel very uneasy. If you feel uncomfortable, politely but firmly tell the man to leave you alone then head toward a group of people or family.</p> <p>If you feel threatened or in danger, run to a store or crowded area and let someone know what is happening.</p> <p>The Argentine police operate a 24-hour police helpline in English for tourists in Buenos Aires, which can be accessed by dialing 101. You can also try the general emergency number on 911 (yes, the same as in the US).</p> <figure><img src="https://media.worldnomads.com/travel-safety/argentina/yas-on-a-boat-at-the-glacier-worldnomads.jpg" alt="Yas looking out the window at a rainbow over a glacier in Argentina" /> <figcaption>On a boat trip to see Perito Moreno Glacier up close. Photo credit: World Nomads</figcaption></figure> <h2 id="night">How to stay safe at night in Argentina</h2> <p>One thing South American cities like <a href="/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/travel-safely-buenos-aires" target="_blank">Buenos Aires</a> are renowned for is their amazing nightlife.</p> <p>In Argentina, in general, dinner is served much later, around 9pm, so you won’t find many local restaurants open until then. Bars don’t get going until around 11pm or midnight, and there’s really no point heading to the <em>boliches</em> in Buenos Aires until at least 2am or 3am.</p> <p>Things to watch out for at bars and clubs are groping and unwanted attention from men. This is more likely if you’re seated alone, or waiting for friends near a bathroom door, for example. Stick to a group or with a friend as much as possible.</p> <p>If you’re heading from one venue to another, or going home, avoid walking around alone and be wary of getting in a taxi by yourself as there have been reports of dodgy drivers, ranging from pesky, annoying behavior, to downright harassment and assault. Be sure to only hail radio taxis, which are easily identifiable by the “Radio Taxi” sign on the rear door.</p> <p>Some taxis will have a light with Radio Taxi written on it on top of their car. To hail an available taxi, look for the red “libre” sign in the front window.</p> <p>This won’t rule out any risk entirely, but you’re less likely to be scammed or assaulted in a registered radio taxi. Carry the business card of your accommodation so you can show the taxi driver where to go.</p> <p>If you’re going back to your hostel or hotel, have a friend walk with you right up to your door and lock the door behind you. There have been reports of security guards at hostels and student accommodations taking advantage of women returning home from a late night on the town. </p>World Nomads 1 World Nomads Gloria walking on Perito Moreno Glacier in southern Argentina

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/north-america/mexico/nightlife-in-mexicoMexico's nightlife is vibrant, with locals and travelers who are looking for a good time. Here are a few common sense tips and safety precautions to keep you safe on a night out.2020-10-20T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/north-america/mexico/nightlife-in-mexicohttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#travel">How to travel safely at night</a></li> <li><a href="#personal">Personal safety tips</a></li> <li><a href="#fake">Fake tequila</a></li> <li><a href="#poison">Alcohol poisoning</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="travel">How to travel safely at night in Mexico</h2> <p>When traveling after 9pm, only use licensed taxis rather than hailing a taxi on the street or taking public transport. Ask your accommodation/restaurant/bar to call one for you.</p> <p>Before getting in the taxi, check your driver has a license (sometimes the license is displayed on the windscreen, some drivers will also wear uniforms). If the taxi has a meter, either ask the driver to use it or negotiate the fare before hopping in otherwise you may end up with an unpleasant surprise at the end of the ride.</p> <p>Robberies have occurred in fake taxis (often a gang member or criminal who has borrowed the licensed taxi) so always be on your guard and watch out for creative fare scams such as changing the price after agreeing to an initial price, asking for gas money etc. In worst-case scenarios, these taxis can be the starting point for <a href="https://bit.ly/2MNqOBF">express kidnappings</a>.</p> <h2 id="personal">Personal safety tips</h2> <ul> <li>Avoid walking alone and stick to well-lit areas</li> <li>Ask locals or at your accommodation about safe places to go to at night and where to avoid</li> <li>Pickpockets are active in tourist-heavy destinations around Mexico, day and night, despite the beefed-up police presence in these locations. Only take out with you what you need, keep your valuables secured and be aware of your surroundings</li> <li>Snatch and grabs can occur so never leave your bag or wallet unattended, over the back of a chair while dining or just sitting on the table</li> <li>If you end up making friends with the locals, you may be asked back to their home. Be cautious and if it doesn't feel right, and politely decline</li> <li>Always drink in moderation so you can navigate your way back to your accommodation safely, as there have been reports of sexual assaults and robberies</li> <li>Avoid leaving your drink unattended, and think twice before accepting free or special drinks that you didn’t order. Aside from the bootleg alcohol factor, the drink may also be spiked</li> <li>Fake police will generally approach solo travelers. If a police officer approaches you, asking for documents, to pay a fine or to go with them to the station or elsewhere – don’t go; instead contact emergency services on 112.</li> </ul> <figure><img src="https://media.worldnomads.com/travel-safety/mexico/crimemexicolead-Torresigner.jpg" /><figcaption>Image: Getty Images/Torresigner. Mexico City's Downtown at Twilight.</figcaption></figure> <h2 id="fake">Fake tequila</h2> <p>Many people partake in Mexico’s national drink, tequila, but check that it’s 100% agave. Mexico takes its tequila very seriously and there is a regulatory council that oversees tequila standards in production and sales. By law, authentic tequila is produced in just five Mexican states – Jalisco and designated towns in Guanajuato, Nayarit, Michoacan and Tamaulipas.</p> <p>Some bars and restaurants (particularly in popular locations such as Cancun, Playa del Carmen, and other areas of the Yucatan Peninsula) have been caught serving unregulated and potentially dangerous liquor to guests, including fake tequila.</p> <p>When ordering a drink, make sure you can see what is being made and check that the brands are reputable.</p> <h2 id="poison">Alcohol poisoning</h2> <p>Anything that is passed off as tequila which isn’t 100% agave is generally diluted with methanol which if consumed, can be fatal. Authorities routinely make arrests and <a href="https://www.vice.com/en_nz/article/3kkqg9/a-huge-amount-of-deadly-fake-booze-was-confiscated-from-resorts-in-mexico-vgtrn">seizures</a> of fake tequila and other alcohol.</p> <p>You can't see, smell or taste methanol in drinks so if you, or anyone you are traveling with, suspect that you may have been poisoned, seek medical attention immediately and report all cases of methanol poisoning to the local police.</p> <p>Methanol poisoning symptoms to look out for include blurred vision, dilated pupils, fatigue, nausea, headache and abdominal pain.</p> <p>If you still feel unsure, you might want to stick to bottled wine, bottled or canned beer.</p>Getty Images/Pixelchrome Inc 0

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/travel-health-ebola-virusWhat is ebola virus? How is it transmitted, and how do I protect myself? Find out how to stay safe with these tips.2019-12-01T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/travel-health-ebola-virushttps://www.worldnomads.com<ul> <li><a href="#spread">How it spreads</a></li> <li><a href="#region">Regions affected</a></li> <li><a href="#vaccine">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="#duration">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">Symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="#treat">Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#prevention">Prevention</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="spread">How Ebola spreads</h2> <p>Ebola is less infectious than the common cold and the circumstances where you get infected require very close contact with a sufferer. The virus is transmitted via blood, body fluids, infected animals (fruit bats and primates) and contaminated medical equipment e.g needles.</p> <h2 id="region">Regions affected by Ebola</h2> <p>Central and western Africa are the only two regions where ebola has been identified and present. <a href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/ebola/drc-2019" target="_blank" title="WHO">North Kivu province in the eastern part of the Democratic Republic of the Congo is in the grip of another Ebola outbreak</a>. Since the outbreak was reported in August 2018, the virus has claimed the lives of more than 2,200 people, and there have been 3,300 confirmed infections.</p> <h2 id="vaccine">Vaccination from Ebola</h2> <p>Those in locations affected by ebola outbreaks have been administered with a vaccination. </p> <h2 id="duration">Duration</h2> <p>Symptoms start to appear within 2 to 21 days of infection, usually around 8 to 10 days after exposure.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">Symptoms of Ebola</h2> <p>Infected persons may experience: high fever (over 101.5°F/38.6°C), headache, muscular pain, stomach pain, diarrhea, vomiting, fatigue, unexplained hemorrhaging and hematoma (bruising). Long-term complications with joints and vision can occur in some patients.</p> <h2 id="treat">Treatment of Ebola</h2> <p>It's vital that if you feel unwell, seek medical assistance immediately as there is currently no cure available and ebola shares similar symptoms with other diseases found in Africa. Early detection and treatment will improve a patient's chance of surviving the disease. Medical treatment includes oxygen, hydration and pain management.</p> <h2 id="prevention">Prevention of Ebola</h2> <ul> <li>Stay away from any affected region, but be sensible about it. Keep some perspective in terms of number of cases vs population of the country you are traveling to as other parts of the country may be disease free</li> <li>Avoid eating bush meat in locations known to have ebola virus infections</li> <li>Avoid touching dead animals</li> <li>Practise good personal hygiene while traveling.</li> </ul>Getty Images/Konoplytska 1 Getty Images

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/worldwide/avian-influenza-bird-fluWhat is avian influenza? Learn more about symptoms, treatment and prevention of the disease before you go overseas.2019-12-09T11:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/worldwide/avian-influenza-bird-fluhttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>Avian influenza, also known as bird flu, is a type A influenza virus. The virus is carried inside the bird's intestines and distributed into the environment via its feces. Sometimes it develops into a strain which causes widespread deaths in both wild and domesticated birds.</p> <p>(Note: this is general advice regarding avian influenza, for detail on specific strains such as the H7N9 variant presently occurring in China, check the <a href="http://www.who.int/influenza/human_animal_interface/influenza_h7n9/en/">FAQ page</a> of the World Health Organization).</p> <ul> <li><a href="#transmission">How bird flu spreads</a></li> <li><a href="#regions">Regions affected</a></li> <li><a href="#vaccination">Vaccination</a></li> <li><a href="#duration">Duration</a></li> <li><a href="#symptoms">Symptoms</a></li> <li><a href="#treatment">Treatment</a></li> <li><a href="#prevention">Prevention</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="transmission">How bird flu spreads</h2> <p>On occasions, avian influenza mutates into a form which can be transmitted from bird to human, and generally affects people who have close contact with birds and poultry.</p> <p>For example, it's common in children in rural communities – because they often play among and around poultry – and those who work in live poultry markets which are consequently exposed to bird feces.</p> <p>The virus can also survive in raw poultry meat but is destroyed during cooking involving high heat.</p> <h2 id="regions">Regions affected</h2> <ul> <li>Asia</li> <li>Africa</li> <li>Middle East</li> <li>Europe</li> </ul> <p>For more information, check your government's travel advisory or the embassy of the country you plan to travel to, to determine if there is an outbreak of bird flu.</p> <h2 id="vaccination">Vaccination</h2> <p>There is no vaccination available for avian influenza.</p> <h2 id="duration">Duration</h2> <p>The incubation period differs from strain to strain but the average tends to be from three to 10 days.</p> <h2 id="symptoms">Symptoms</h2> <p>The symptoms of bird flu in humans are similar to those of regular influenza and include:</p> <ul> <li>Fever</li> <li>Sore throat</li> <li>Cough</li> <li>Headache</li> <li>Aching muscles.</li> </ul> <p>Bird flu in humans can cause a range of serious and potentially fatal complications, including:</p> <ul> <li>Eye infections</li> <li>Pneumonia, including viral pneumonia</li> <li>Acute respiratory distress</li> <li>Inflammation of the brain and heart.</li> </ul> <h2 id="treatment">Treatment</h2> <p>As this disease shares common symptoms with many others, it's strongly advised if you become sick with fever, coughing, or shortness of breath you should seek medical treatment.</p> <p>Contact the emergency assistance line for your travel insurer for advice on your condition and to locate a doctor or hospital.</p> <p>It's recommended that you delay your travel home until you have recovered, or medical professionals say it's ok to travel. Let your travel insurance company know this information.</p> <p>If you get sick with fever, coughing, or shortness of breath after you return home, visit your doctor and tell them where you have been traveling.</p> <h2 id="prevention">Prevention</h2> <h3>Things to avoid</h3> <ul> <li>Touching animals, dead or alive</li> <li>Live birds or poultry at local markets</li> <li>Avoid wet markets or farms with animals</li> <li>Undercooked or raw meat and poultry. Check that it's cooked through and served hot</li> <li>Raw or undercooked eggs</li> <li>Eating or drinking dishes that include blood from any animal</li> <li>Avoid eating from street vendors.</li> </ul> <h3>Personal hygiene tips</h3> <ul> <li>Wash your hands often</li> <li>If soap and water aren't available, clean your hands with hand sanitizer containing at least 60% alcohol</li> <li>If you need to touch your face, make sure your hands are clean</li> <li>Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your sleeve when coughing or sneezing</li> <li>Try to avoid close contact and sharing utensils and cups with people who are sick.</li> </ul>Getty Images/primeimages 1521223678 Getty Images Rooster

https://public-web-wn.uat.wng.me/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/argentine-road-mannersRoad tripping is a great way to see South America's second-largest country. Here's how you can stay safe.2019-04-08T10:00:00Z https://wng-kosmos-wn-cms-uat.kaos.nibit.com.au:443/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/argentine-road-mannershttps://www.worldnomads.com<p>Argentina has some of the lowest traffic mortality rates in South America per 100,000 <g class="gr_ gr_104 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" id="104" data-gr-id="104">people,</g> but still lags behind other countries globally. </p> <p>There are <a href="/travel-safety/south-america/argentina/travel-safely-buenos-aires">good public transport</a> options and taxis but driving can be a great way to see the country outside of the urban centers, especially in locations including Patagonia where public transport is scarce.</p> <ul> <li><a href="#rent">Renting a Car in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="#club">Automobile Clubs</a></li> <li><a href="#tips">Driving Tips for Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="#speed">Speed Limits in Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="#checkpoint">Police Checkpoints</a></li> </ul> <h2 id="rent">Renting a car in Argentina</h2> <ul> <li>Get an International Driver's Permit and use it along with your license from your home country in Argentina.<br /><br /></li> <li>You must be at least 23 to hire a car in Argentina and will also need a credit card. If you want to rent a motorcycle, you need to be 25.<br /><br /></li> <li>Always have your documents in the car with you. Police will stop you and ask for them.<br /><br /></li> <li>You cannot take rental cars across borders one way. You can drive from Argentina to Chile and vice versa but generally, most companies like their cars returned to the place of origin. </li> </ul> <h2 id="club">Automobile clubs</h2> <p>Argentina's automobile association <span><a href="https://www.aca.org.ar/">Automóvil Club </a><g class="gr_ gr_250 gr-alert gr_gramm gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim Punctuation only-del replaceWithoutSep" id="250" data-gr-id="250">Argentino </g>offers s</span>ervices including towing and roadside assistance. </p> <p>If you are a member of an auto club in your home country, bring your membership card with you as <span>Automóvil Club Argentino will generally recognize it, and offer you services and discounts.</span></p> <h2 id="tips">Driving tips for Argentina</h2> <ul> <li>You must be 18 or over to drive in Argentina<br /><br /></li> <li>The drinking limit for drivers is 0.05 and 0.02 for motorcycle/scooter riders<br /><br /></li> <li>Most of the main highways are toll roads so check before finding out the hard way<br /><br /></li> <li>Argentinians drive on the right <br /><br /></li> <li>You must wear your seatbelt <br /><br /></li> <li>Drive with your headlights on<br /><br /></li> <li>It's illegal to use a cell phone without a hands-free kit while driving<br /><br /></li> <li>Take it easy on rural roads. Most will have a decent number of potholes which can make the drive a bit rough<br /><br /></li> <li>Crime against car users, particularly when stationary at traffic lights, is a problem. Keep windows closed and doors locked at all times in major cities<br /><br /></li> <li>It pays to know a little Spanish to help you read signs, ask questions etc. Check out the World Nomads Spanish language <a href="https://journals.worldnomads.com/language-guides/story/1159/Spain/Learn-Spanish-with-the-WorldNomads-Spanish-Language-Guide">guide</a>.</li> </ul> <h2 id="speed">Speed limits in Argentina</h2> <p>Speed limits vary depending on where you are in Argentina. There is an increased use of speed checks in the country by police handheld and fixed cameras, so be aware and don't get too <g class="gr_ gr_74 gr-alert gr_spell gr_inline_cards gr_run_anim ContextualSpelling ins-del multiReplace" id="74" data-gr-id="74">leadfooted</g>!</p> <p>The maximum speed limits for Argentina are:</p> <ul> <li>25 mph (40km/h) residential areas</li> <li>37 mph (60km/h) urban areas</li> <li>49 mph (80km/h) suburban main roads</li> <li>74 mph (120km/h) <em>Autopista</em> (highways).</li> </ul> <h2 id="checkpoint">Police checkpoints</h2> <p>While driving around Argentina, you may encounter a police checkpoint from time to time to check, where insurance papers and other documents are requested. Drive slowly through the checkpoint if you encounter one and be prepared to stop if requested to.<br /><br />Not all vehicles are pulled over but if you are signaled to do so, be polite and don't argue with the officials. Officially, there are no on-the-spot fines, and any police officer asking you for one is likely to be a bit crooked. If you are issued a ticket, you can usually pay it at a police station or a bank.<br /><br />In an emergency, c<span>all 0800 999 5000, for multilingual tourist police.</span> <br />Call 911, for English language service in Buenos Aires only.</p>Getty Images/Grafissimo 1182498629 Getty Images Driving back from El Chalten in Argentina, with Mount Fitz Roy in the backdrop